Tömegfortifikáció

Tömegfortifikáció, often translated as mass fortification, refers to the construction of extensive defensive structures or systems designed to protect a large population or territory. Unlike individual fortifications built for a specific strategic point, tömegfortifikáció encompasses a broader scale of defense, often involving interconnected lines of fortifications, bunkers, or natural barriers enhanced by human intervention. The primary goal is to create a comprehensive defense that is difficult to breach, often aiming to channel enemy advances into prepared kill zones or to delay an invasion significantly.

The concept of mass fortification can be seen throughout history in various forms. Examples include the Great Wall of China, designed to defend against nomadic incursions, and the Maginot Line, built by France in the interwar period to protect its border with Germany. These large-scale projects required immense resources, manpower, and planning, reflecting a state's commitment to a defensive strategy. The effectiveness of tömegfortifikáció is debated, with proponents arguing for its deterrent value and ability to absorb initial attacks, while critics point to its inflexibility, high cost, and vulnerability to new tactics or overwhelming force. Modern military doctrine often favors more mobile and technologically advanced defense systems over static, extensive fortifications.