Tõenäuste

Tõenäuste, often translated as probability, is a fundamental concept in mathematics that quantifies the likelihood of an event occurring. It is a measure of the chance that a particular outcome will result from a random experiment or uncertain situation. Probabilities are expressed as numbers between 0 and 1, inclusive. A probability of 0 indicates that an event is impossible, while a probability of 1 signifies that an event is certain.

The study of probability has its roots in the analysis of games of chance, such as dice rolls and card games, dating back to the 17th century. Over time, it has evolved into a sophisticated branch of mathematics with wide-ranging applications in various fields, including statistics, physics, engineering, economics, and computer science.

Key to understanding probability are the concepts of sample space, events, and probability distributions. The sample space encompasses all possible outcomes of an experiment. An event is a subset of the sample space, representing a specific outcome or set of outcomes. Probability distributions describe the likelihood of each possible outcome within the sample space.

Several axioms and theorems govern the calculation and manipulation of probabilities. These include the axioms of probability, which establish the basic rules for assigning probabilities to events, and theorems like the addition rule and multiplication rule, which allow for the calculation of probabilities of combined events. Conditional probability, which deals with the probability of an event given that another event has occurred, is another crucial concept. The development and application of probability theory have provided powerful tools for modeling uncertainty and making informed decisions in a world filled with randomness.