Tändgap

Tändgap is a Swedish word that translates to "spark gap" in English. It refers to a deliberate gap between two electrodes across which an electrical potential difference is applied. When the voltage across the gap exceeds the breakdown voltage of the medium (typically air or another gas) filling the gap, the medium ionizes, and a spark or arc is formed, allowing current to flow. This phenomenon is fundamental to the operation of many electrical devices.

The primary application of a spark gap is as a basic component in ignition systems, such as those found in internal combustion engines. In this context, the spark plug creates a spark gap that ignites the fuel-air mixture. Another common use is in early radio transmitters and in high-voltage switching circuits. Spark gaps can also be employed as rudimentary circuit protection devices, intentionally breaking down to divert excessive voltage and protect more sensitive components. The behavior of a spark gap is influenced by factors such as the shape and material of the electrodes, the distance between them, and the pressure and composition of the gas in the gap. Understanding and controlling these parameters is crucial for the reliable operation of devices that utilize spark gaps.