Társadalombiztosítás

Társadalombiztosítás is the public system of social protection in Hungary that provides financial security against life’s risks and ensures access to health care and social services. It covers retirement and old-age income, disability and survivorship benefits, sickness and maternity benefits, unemployment support, family allowances, and other social protections.

The system is financed mainly through mandatory payroll contributions paid by employers and employees, with additional funding from the state budget and, in some cases, self-employed or voluntary contributions. Benefits are delivered through dedicated funds and agencies according to statutory rules, with calculations typically based on earnings, contribution history, and the reason for the benefit.

Health insurance is a core component of társadalombiztosítás, guaranteeing access to medical services and medicines. It is financed through health contributions and administered by public health funds, with services provided under universal or near-universal coverage, subject to eligibility and reimbursement rules.

Eligibility for benefits generally depends on contribution history, employment status, and legal conditions such as retirement age, disability, or maternity. Benefit duration and amounts vary by type and are set by law, reflecting goals of income stabilization, poverty prevention, and support during life events such as illness, childbirth, unemployment, or retirement.

The system interacts with broader social policy aims, including reducing inequality, promoting social inclusion, and supporting families and workers. It is governed by national legislation and periodically reformed to respond to demographic and economic changes. In the European Union context, it also coordinates with cross-border social security rules to protect the rights of workers moving within the EU.