Tutkintatoimet

Tutkintatoimet, or investigation measures, are actions undertaken by police and other authorities during a criminal investigation to obtain information and evidence. Their purpose is to uncover facts, identify suspects, verify claims, and secure material for use in later proceedings. Typical tutkintatoimet include interviewing witnesses and suspects, collecting physical or digital evidence, conducting searches and seizures, monitoring communications where allowed, and directing forensic or expert examinations. They also involve obtaining documents from businesses, organizations, and public records, as well as working with experts and laboratories.

The use of tutkintatoimet is governed by criminal procedure and privacy protections. In Finland, many measures require a legal basis and must meet tests of necessity and proportionality. Some actions, such as house searches or interception of communications, generally require judicial authorization or a prosecutor’s order. Investigators must maintain a proper chain of custody for evidence, respect the rights of the accused, and ensure data protection in line with GDPR and national law. Oversight bodies, courts, and prosecutors supervise the use of these powers.

Decisions about which measures to apply depend on case seriousness, anticipated evidentiary value, and potential impact on rights. Measures are reviewed regularly and can be adjusted or terminated as new information becomes available. Tutkintatoimet are part of rikostutkinta—the broader criminal investigation process—and are distinct from the later court proceedings, which evaluate the gathered evidence and determine a verdict.