Tunturikoivu

Tunturikoivu, scientifically known as Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii, is a subspecies of downy birch native to the Arctic regions of Eurasia. It is a characteristic plant of the fell (tunturi) landscapes of Fennoscandia and northwestern Russia, hence its Finnish name. This deciduous tree or shrub is well-adapted to harsh, cold climates and high altitudes.

The appearance of tunturikoivu varies depending on its growing conditions. In exposed areas, it often grows as a low, spreading shrub, sometimes reaching only a meter in height. In more sheltered locations, it can develop into a small, slender tree, typically not exceeding 10 meters. Its bark is smooth and white or grayish-white, peeling in thin layers, and its leaves are ovate to triangular, with serrated edges. The plant reproduces both by seed and vegetatively.

Tunturikoivu plays a significant role in the Arctic and subarctic ecosystems. It forms the treeline in many mountainous areas, marking the transition from forest to alpine tundra. Its presence provides habitat and food for various wildlife, including reindeer and birds. The plant's resilience allows it to thrive in nutrient-poor, rocky soils and withstand strong winds and low temperatures. Its distribution is a key indicator of climatic conditions in these sensitive regions.