Tulikärpänen

The tulikärpänen, scientific name Lampyris noctiluca, is a species of firefly found in Europe. It is commonly known in English as the common glow-worm. The name "tulikärpänen" is Finnish and translates to "fire fly".

This insect is characterized by its bioluminescent capabilities, particularly in the larval and adult female stages. The light emitted is typically greenish-yellow and is used for communication, primarily to attract mates. Adult males are winged and capable of flight, while adult females are larviform, meaning they resemble larvae, and are wingless. This sexual dimorphism is typical for many glow-worm species.

The life cycle of the tulikärpänen begins with eggs, which hatch into larvae. These larvae are predatory, feeding on small invertebrates such as snails and slugs. They also possess bioluminescent organs. After several larval molts, they pupate and then emerge as adults. Adult tulikärpänen do not feed and their primary function is reproduction.

Tulikärpänen are typically found in moist, grassy habitats, such as meadows, woodlands, and hedgerows. They are most active during warm, humid evenings, especially in late spring and summer. Their presence is often indicated by the faint glow of the females on the ground or low vegetation. The distribution of this species is widespread across much of Europe, though populations can be affected by habitat loss and light pollution.