Tughlaqs

The Tughlaqs were a Turko-Mongol dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in India from 1320 to 1414. The dynasty was founded by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, a former governor of the Punjab, who seized power in 1320. His reign was marked by consolidating his authority and undertaking military campaigns. He was succeeded by his son, Muhammad bin Tughlaq, arguably the most controversial ruler of the dynasty. Muhammad bin Tughlaq is known for his ambitious, though often ill-fated, reforms, including the infamous transfer of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad and the introduction of a paper currency. His reign also saw significant expansion of the Sultanate's territory.

Following Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Firuz Shah Tughlaq ascended the throne. He is generally remembered for his focus on public works, irrigation projects, and administrative reforms aimed at improving the lives of his subjects. He also patronized scholarship and established educational institutions. However, his later years were marked by internal instability and the decline of the Sultanate's power. The dynasty's decline accelerated after his death, with internal strife and external invasions weakening its hold. The Tughlaq dynasty ultimately fell in 1414 when it was replaced by the Sayyid dynasty, marking the end of Tughlaq rule over Delhi. Despite the eventual decline, the Tughlaqs left a significant architectural and administrative legacy on the Indian subcontinent.