Tubensterilisation

Tubensterilisation, also known as tubal sterilization or tubal occlusion, is a permanent method of female contraception that aims to prevent fertilization by blocking the fallopian tubes. The fallopian tubes transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus, and when they are blocked or surgically removed, sperm cannot reach the egg. It is considered a permanent solution and is chosen by individuals who are certain they do not want future pregnancies.

The procedure is usually performed by a surgeon under anesthesia and commonly uses laparoscopy, which involves small abdominal incisions and a camera to guide the surgeon. Methods include cutting and tying the tubes, applying surgical clips or bands, electrocoagulation, or removing a short segment of the tube. In some settings, hysteroscopic sterilization is used, in which implants are placed through the cervix to provoke scarring and occlusion of the tube. The choice of method depends on medical factors, available facilities, and patient preference. Recovery is typically short, with most people able to return to normal activities within a few days.

Effectiveness is high, with most sources reporting well over 99% effectiveness at preventing pregnancy. In rare cases, recanalization or improper occlusion can lead to pregnancy, including an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy if it occurs after sterilization. Because tubal sterilisation is intended to be permanent, reversibility is not guaranteed and surgery to restore fertility is complex and may not be successful.

Alternatives include long-acting reversible contraception (IUDs or implants) and, for partners, vasectomy. Counseling and informed consent are essential, and individuals should consider their long-term reproductive goals before undergoing the procedure.