Tsüano

Tsüano, or cyanide in chemistry, denotes compounds containing the cyano group CN−. The most familiar forms are hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a volatile and highly toxic gas, and cyanide salts such as sodium cyanide (NaCN) and potassium cyanide (KCN). In water, cyanide exists in equilibrium between HCN and CN− depending on pH.

HCN is a colorless gas with a characteristic odor detectable by some at low concentrations; CN− salts are solids that dissolve readily in water. Cyanide ions form strong complexes with metals, a property exploited in industry but also central to cyanide’s toxicity.

Uses include mining (cyanidation to extract gold), electroplating, and organic synthesis to produce nitriles. Cyanide has historical use as a fumigant and pest-control agent. Its handling requires strict safety and environmental controls.

Toxicity: Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, halting cellular respiration and causing hypoxia. Exposure can occur by inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Symptoms range from headache and confusion to seizures and coma. Treatments include antidotes such as hydroxocobalamin and nitrite-thiosulfate protocols, administered by professionals.

Environment and regulation: Cyanide is highly toxic to humans and wildlife; accidental releases can affect waterways. Responsible use is governed by codes and standards, such as the International Cyanide Code, plus national safety and environmental regulations covering storage, transport, and emergency response.

Etymology: the name cyanide derives from the Greek kyanos (blue), originally linked to cyanine dyes.