Tsiviilseadusõigus

Tsiviilseadusõigus, also known as civil law, is a broad area of law that governs the rights and obligations between private individuals and entities. It encompasses a wide range of legal relationships, including contracts, property, torts, family law, and inheritance. Unlike criminal law, which deals with offenses against the state, civil law focuses on disputes between private parties and aims to provide remedies such as monetary damages or specific performance.

In many legal systems, civil law is based on codified statutes and principles, often tracing their roots to Roman law. Key principles include the idea of private autonomy, where individuals are generally free to enter into agreements and manage their affairs, and the principle of liability, where individuals are responsible for the harm they cause to others.

Common areas within tsiviilseadusõigus include contract law, which governs agreements between parties; property law, which defines ownership and rights related to real estate and personal property; and tort law, which addresses civil wrongs like negligence and defamation. Family law deals with matters such as marriage, divorce, and child custody, while inheritance law governs the transfer of property after death. The resolution of civil disputes typically involves negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or litigation in civil courts.