Tränensystem

The Tränensystem, or lacrimal system, is a complex network of structures responsible for the production, distribution, and drainage of tears. This vital system ensures the lubrication and protection of the eye's surface, which is essential for clear vision and ocular health.

Tear production is primarily carried out by the lacrimal glands, located above the outer corner of each eye. These glands secrete a watery fluid that spreads across the cornea and conjunctiva with each blink. This tear film consists of three layers: an oily outer layer from the meibomian glands, a watery middle layer from the lacrimal glands, and a mucus inner layer from goblet cells. This composition prevents rapid evaporation and provides a smooth optical surface.

The drainage of tears is equally important. Excess tears flow towards the inner corner of the eye, where they enter small openings called puncta. From the puncta, tears travel through tiny tubes called canaliculi into the lacrimal sac, and then down the nasolacrimal duct into the nasal cavity. This is why crying often leads to a runny nose.

Disruptions to the Tränensystem can lead to various conditions. Dry eye syndrome occurs when tear production is insufficient or tear evaporation is excessive, causing discomfort, irritation, and blurred vision. Conversely, excessive tearing (epiphora) can result from overproduction of tears or blockages in the drainage system, leading to watery eyes and potential skin irritation around the eyelids. Maintaining a healthy Tränensystem is crucial for comfortable and effective vision.