Trombóze

Trombóze refers to the formation of a blood clot, or thrombus, within a blood vessel that obstructs the flow of blood. This condition can occur in both arteries and veins, though venous thrombosis is more common and often referred to as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). When a clot dislodges and travels through the bloodstream, it may become lodged in a smaller vessel, leading to serious complications such as a pulmonary embolism in the lungs or stroke if it affects the brain’s blood supply.

Risk factors for thrombóze include prolonged immobility, such as during long flights or bed rest, certain medications (e.g., hormonal birth control), obesity, smoking, pregnancy, and underlying medical conditions like cancer or inherited clotting disorders. Symptoms vary depending on location but may include swelling, pain, redness, or warmth in the affected area for venous thrombosis, while arterial thrombosis can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, or sudden weakness.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scans, or venography. Treatment aims to prevent clot growth and reduce the risk of complications, often using anticoagulant medications like heparin or warfarin. In severe cases, surgical interventions such as thrombolytics or vascular procedures may be necessary.

Prevention strategies include staying active, staying hydrated, wearing compression stockings during travel, and avoiding smoking. Early recognition and prompt medical attention are crucial, as untreated thrombóze can lead to life-threatening complications.