Triglyseridien

Triglycerides, commonly referred to as triglycerides, are a type of fat found in the bloodstream and stored in body tissues. They serve as the body’s primary energy source, providing fuel for daily activities and physical exertion. Structurally, triglycerides consist of three fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone, which is why they are also known as triacylglycerols.

The body obtains triglycerides primarily through dietary fats, though the liver also synthesizes them from excess carbohydrates and proteins. When energy is needed, stored triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, which can be used for immediate energy or converted into ketones for further utilization. This process is regulated by hormones like insulin and glucagon, which influence fat storage and release.

High levels of triglycerides in the blood (hypertriglyceridemia) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly when combined with low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Factors contributing to elevated triglycerides include poor diet, obesity, physical inactivity, genetic predisposition, and conditions such as diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle modifications, such as reducing saturated and trans fats, increasing fiber intake, and engaging in regular exercise, can help lower triglyceride levels.

Diagnosis typically involves a blood test measuring triglyceride concentration, with normal levels generally below 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Treatment may include dietary changes, medication (such as fibrates or omega-3 fatty acids), or, in severe cases, more intensive interventions like lipid apheresis. Monitoring and managing triglyceride levels is important for maintaining overall cardiovascular health.