Translucent

Translucent describes a material or substance that permits light to pass through but diffuses it so that objects on the far side are not clearly discernible. In contrast, transparent materials allow light to pass with minimal scattering, yielding a clear image, while opaque materials block most light. The degree of translucency depends on the material's microstructure, thickness, and surface texture, as well as the wavelength of light.

Physically, translucency arises from scattering of light by inhomogeneities such as grains, pores, or inclusions, and from absorption within the material. When light enters a translucent substance, some photons are absorbed, while others are scattered in many directions, producing a soft, hazy appearance. Different wavelengths may scatter to different extents, making the material appear tinted or colored.

Common examples include frosted glass, opaque paper, milk glass, wax, porcelain, and certain stones such as jade or marble. Skin is also translucent, allowing some light to pass and be diffused by tissues beneath the surface.

Translucent materials are used in lighting and design to diffuse light and preserve privacy. Applications include lampshades, skylight panels, privacy screens, and certain packaging. In optics, translucent layers can function as diffusers or filters, balancing brightness and glare.