Translokatsioon
Translokatsioon (translocation) is a chromosomal rearrangement in which segments of DNA are relocated between non-homologous chromosomes or within a chromosome. The main forms are reciprocal translocation, Robertsonian translocation, and non-reciprocal translocation. In reciprocal translocations, segments are exchanged between two chromosomes, often preserving the total amount of genetic material (balanced translocation). Robertsonian translocations involve fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes and loss of their short arms, producing a single chromosome. Non-reciprocal translocations transfer genetic material in one direction, with potential content loss on the recipient chromosome.
Effects of translokatsioon can vary. Balanced translocations may be inherited or occur de novo and are often
Detection and significance: Translokatsioonid are identified primarily through cytogenetic methods. Karyotyping can reveal large rearrangements; fluorescence