Transdermales
Transdermales refer to transdermal delivery systems that administer active substances across the skin into the systemic circulation. They bypass the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass liver metabolism, enabling controlled release over hours to days. Transdermal systems are designed to achieve systemic exposure rather than local effect. The term is most commonly used for transdermal patches, though other formats exist.
Mechanism and design. They use a patch or device containing drug in a reservoir or matrix; the
Common applications. The best-known examples include nicotine patches for cessation, fentanyl and other analgesic patches, and
Safety and limitations. Potential skin irritation or allergic contact dermatitis at the application site; variability due
Research and future. Active and smart transdermal patches with sensors, feedback control, and wireless communication; advances