TracabilityMatrix

A traceability matrix, occasionally spelled tracability matrix in some sources, is a planning and QA artifact used to map and track the relationships between requirements and other project artifacts such as designs, implementation units, and test cases. It provides a snapshot of coverage and helps verify that each requirement is addressed and verifiable, supporting validation, change management, and regulatory or standards compliance.

In practice, the matrix is a two-dimensional grid with requirements listed along one axis and design elements, code modules, or test cases along the other. It supports forward traceability (from a requirement to its design and implementation), backward or reverse traceability (from tests back to the originating requirement), and bidirectional traceability that shows both directions to confirm complete coverage.

Typical fields include a requirement ID, a brief description, links to design or code artifacts, linked test cases, status, owners, and rationale notes. The matrix is used to plan testing, perform impact analysis when requirements change, and provide an auditable record of what has been implemented and tested.

Creation and maintenance involve gathering requirements, defining traceability links, populating the matrix, and regularly reviewing it with stakeholders. Many teams automate links using application lifecycle management tools so updates in requirements or tests propagate to the matrix. It is most effective when kept current throughout development and testing phases.

Benefits include improved visibility into coverage, easier change impact assessment, and stronger auditability. Limitations include maintenance overhead and potential for the matrix to become large and complex in large projects, making governance and tooling essential.