Towary

Towary, in economic and commercial usage, are movable goods that can be bought, sold and exchanged in markets. They are tangible items with value that can be transferred between parties, and they encompass a wide range of products from raw materials to finished consumer goods. Towary differ from services in that they have a physical form, which allows them to be stored, transported and inventoried.

Common ways to classify towary include their use, stage of production, and durability. By use, they are often divided into consumer goods (household items, groceries, electronics) and capital goods or intermediate goods used in production (raw materials, components, machinery). By duration, they can be durable (machines, furniture) or nondurable (perishables, consumables). By standardization, they range from fungible commodities with uniform quality (oil, wheat) to non-fungible or branded products with unique characteristics. Additional distinctions cover finished goods ready for sale versus stock-in-trade or in-process goods.

In markets, the price and availability of towary are determined by supply and demand, production costs, logistical considerations, and regulatory factors. Trade involves logistics, storage, quality control, and contractual arrangements such as delivery terms, risk transfer, and payment conditions. Towary play a central role in value chains, enabling production, distribution, and consumption across economies. They can be traded domestically or internationally, and their management—inventory control, procurement, and risk assessment—significantly influences business performance.