Toracolombosacrais

Toracolombosacrais refers to the anatomical region that encompasses the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral parts of the spine and the surrounding musculoskeletal structures in the posterior trunk. In medical usage, the term designates a functional unit for movement, load transfer, and stability across the lower thorax, the lower back, and the pelvis.

Anatomically, it spans roughly from the lower thoracic spine at T12 to the sacrum. The spinal cord proper ends around L1–L2 in adults, with the cauda equina occupying the canal below. Nerve roots exit the vertebral column at each level through the intervertebral foramina. The region is enveloped by the thoracolumbar fascia, a multilayered sheet that attaches to the ribs, iliac crest, vertebrae, and abdominal muscles.

Major muscles in the area include the erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, latissimus dorsi, and abdominal obliques, which interact with the thoracolumbar fascia to transmit forces during trunk movement and respiration. The fascia itself is often described as having anterior, middle, and posterior layers, contributing to compartments that coordinate spinal and pelvic mechanics.

Clinical relevance: the thoracolumbar region is a common site of injury and pain, including fractures at the thoracolumbar junction (around T12–L1), disc and facet problems, and myofascial pain attributable to fascia tension. Trauma, degenerative disease, and surgical approaches frequently involve this region, with management focusing on stabilization, pain relief, and restoration of mobility.

In anatomy and clinical practice, the toracolombosacrais concept emphasizes the integrated function of spine segments, fascia, and muscles in sustaining posture and enabling coordinated movement of the trunk and pelvis.