Toothworts

Toothwort is a common name that can refer to several different genera of plants, most notably plants in the genus Dentaria or Cardamine. These plants are herbaceous perennials that are typically found in moist, shady woodlands. Their name comes from the tooth-like projections that are often found on their rhizomes, which are underground stems.

Toothworts are characterized by their basal leaves, which are often heart-shaped or rounded, and their stem leaves, which are typically divided or lobed. The flowers are usually white or pink, with four petals. They bloom in the spring, before the canopy of the forest closes in. The fruit is a small capsule that contains several seeds.

One common species is the American toothwort (Cardamine diphylla). This plant is found throughout eastern North America and is known for its edible rhizomes, which have a peppery taste, similar to watercress. Another species is the large-flowered toothwort (Cardamine grandiflora), native to the Caucasus Mountains, which is sometimes cultivated for its attractive flowers.

The ecological role of toothworts is significant. They are an important food source for various insects and small animals. Their presence can also indicate a healthy woodland ecosystem. While generally not cultivated for ornamental purposes, some species are appreciated for their delicate spring blooms and their contribution to the forest understory.