Tonikusklónikus

Tonikusklónikus is a term used to describe a specific type of epileptic seizure. It is characterized by two distinct phases: a tonic phase followed by a clonic phase. The tonic phase involves a sudden stiffening or tensing of the muscles throughout the body, often leading to a fall if the person is standing. This phase can last for several seconds to a minute. Following the tonic phase, the clonic phase begins. This is characterized by rhythmic jerking or twitching movements of the limbs and sometimes the entire body. These jerking movements are involuntary and can vary in intensity and duration. During both phases, individuals are typically unconscious and may experience loss of bladder or bowel control, biting their tongue, or making vocalizations. After the seizure, there is usually a period of confusion, drowsiness, and sometimes temporary paralysis, known as the postictal state. Tonikusklónikus seizures are also commonly referred to as grand mal seizures, though the term tonikusklónikus is preferred in modern medical contexts as it more accurately describes the observed phenomena. The underlying cause of tonikusklónikus seizures can vary, ranging from genetic factors and brain injuries to infections and unknown causes, and they are a symptom of epilepsy. Medical evaluation is crucial to determine the cause and appropriate treatment for individuals experiencing these seizures.