Tonalism

Tonalism is an artistic style that was particularly popular in American Impressionism from about 1880 to 1915. It is characterized by a subdued color palette, soft focus, and a mood of quiet contemplation. Artists working in this style aimed to evoke a mood or atmosphere rather than depict a specific scene with photographic accuracy. Common subjects included landscapes, particularly twilight or misty scenes, and often contained figures that were indistinct or generalized.

The emphasis in Tonalism was on the overall feeling and tone of the painting, achieved through the harmonious blending of colors and subtle gradations of light and shadow. This approach often led to a sense of mystery and introspection. Influences came from various sources, including the Barbizon School and Japanese prints, which shared a similar appreciation for atmospheric effects and flattened perspectives. While not a formal movement with a manifesto, Tonalism represented a significant trend in American art, offering a contemplative and atmospheric counterpoint to the more vibrant and objective aspects of Impressionism. Prominent practitioners included George Inness, Dwight Tryon, and Alexander Wyant.