Toksinosti
Toksinosti, or toxicity, is the degree to which a substance can cause harm to living organisms. It covers the adverse effects produced by chemicals, biological toxins, and physical agents such as radiation. Toxicity depends on the dose and duration of exposure, the route by which exposure occurs (inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact), and the characteristics of the organism, including age, sex, genetics, and health status. The dose–response relationship is central to toxicology and is often summarized in dose–response curves. Acute toxicity refers to harmful effects that follow a single exposure, while chronic toxicity results from repeated exposures over longer periods.
Toxicity is assessed using various metrics. LD50 and LC50 indicate the dose or concentration that kills 50%
Regulation and safety rely on risk assessment, including hazard identification, dose–response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk