Tiroxinhiány

Tiroxinhiány, also known as hypothyroidism, is a medical condition characterized by the thyroid gland's inability to produce sufficient thyroid hormones. These hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and numerous bodily functions. When levels are low, the body's processes slow down.

The causes of tiroxinhiány are varied. Autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, are a common culprit, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications, and iodine deficiency. In some cases, the condition can be congenital, present from birth.

Symptoms of tiroxinhiány can be subtle and develop gradually, making diagnosis challenging. Common signs include fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, dry skin, constipation, muscle weakness, and slowed heart rate. In more severe or prolonged cases, it can lead to cognitive impairment, depression, and infertility. The severity of symptoms often correlates with the degree of hormone deficiency.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroid hormones. Elevated TSH levels, coupled with low free T4 levels, are indicative of hypothyroidism. Treatment usually involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy, most commonly with levothyroxine, a synthetic form of T4. This medication restores hormone levels and alleviates symptoms. Regular monitoring is essential to ensure optimal dosage.