Tilauskokoa

Tilauskokoa, or order size, is the quantity of units ordered in a single purchase order and is a central parameter in inventory management and procurement planning. It directly influences on-hand inventory levels, working capital needs, storage costs, and service levels. Tilauskokoa is typically chosen to balance ordering costs against holding costs, while also considering constraints such as supplier minimums, lead times, packaging requirements, and storage capacity.

In practice, many organizations use the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) approach to estimate an optimal order size. EOQ seeks to minimize total annual costs from ordering and holding inventory, with the formula EOQ = sqrt(2DS/H), where D is annual demand, S is the cost per order, and H is the holding cost per unit per year. Other strategies include fixed-quantity ordering (replenishing a constant amount each time) and fixed-interval ordering (placing orders at regular intervals with quantities determined by forecast and stock on hand).

Real-world considerations include demand and lead-time variability, seasonality, bulk discounts, packaging or transportation constraints, and the desired service level. Tilauskokoa may be adjusted at the SKU or category level and can be influenced by arrangements like vendor-managed inventory, where a supplier determines or supports the order size.

Consequences: larger tilauskokoa reduces ordering frequency but increases average inventory and carrying costs; smaller tilauskokoa lowers carrying costs and stock levels but raises ordering frequency and administrative effort. Optimal size depends on cost structure, service level targets, and operational constraints.