Tidsprojektionkammor

Tidsprojektionkammor, often translated as "time projection chambers" or TPCs, are sophisticated particle detectors used in physics experiments, particularly in particle and nuclear physics. Their primary function is to reconstruct the three-dimensional trajectory of charged particles as they pass through a sensitive volume. This is achieved by ionizing the gas within the chamber.

The basic principle of a TPC involves a gas-filled volume with a high electric field. When a charged particle traverses this volume, it knocks electrons off the gas molecules, creating a trail of ionization. These electrons are then drifted by the electric field towards a readout plane, typically located at one end of the chamber. The readout plane is equipped with sensitive electrodes, such as wires or pads, which detect the arrival of these drifting electrons.

By measuring the precise time at which the electrons arrive at different points on the readout plane and knowing the drift velocity of the electrons in the gas, researchers can reconstruct the path of the original particle in three dimensions. More advanced TPCs also incorporate methods to measure the energy loss of the particle, providing further information about its identity. TPCs are crucial for experiments requiring precise tracking and momentum measurements of subatomic particles.