Tiarnaí

Tiarnaí is a traditional Irish term that translates to "queen" or "lady" in English. The word originates from the Old Irish *tíarna*, which itself derives from the Proto-Celtic **tīrnā*, meaning "ruler" or "noblewoman." Historically, the title was used to refer to a woman of high status, often within Gaelic society, though its usage varied depending on context and region.

In medieval Ireland, the term could describe a noblewoman, a chieftain’s wife, or a female ruler in certain contexts. Some female rulers, such as the legendary Queen Medb of Connacht, were referred to in similar terms, though "Tiarnaí" itself was not always a formal title of governance. The word also appears in early Irish literature, including the *Táin Bó Cúailnge* (The Cattle Raid of Cooley), where it is used to denote women of noble birth or authority.

By the Early Modern period, the term fell out of common usage in favor of anglicized equivalents like "lady" or "queen." However, it remains preserved in place names and some traditional Irish expressions. For instance, the surname *Tiarnaigh* (or *Tierney*) is believed to have originated from the term, though its exact etymology is debated among linguists.

Today, "Tiarnaí" is primarily of historical and linguistic interest, reflecting Ireland’s rich cultural heritage. It serves as a reminder of the prominent roles women held in Gaelic society before the influence of Norman and later English governance reshaped social structures. The term continues to be studied by historians, linguists, and enthusiasts of Irish culture.