Thelypteridaceae

Thelypteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales. The family is found worldwide in tropical and temperate regions, often in moist, shaded habitats such as forests and stream banks. The name Thelypteridaceae comes from the Greek words "thelys" meaning female and "pteris" meaning fern, referring to the shape of the sori. Species within this family exhibit a wide range of sizes and forms, from small, delicate plants to larger, more robust ferns. A common characteristic is their pinnately compound fronds, which can be simple or dissected. The sporangia, which produce spores, are typically borne in clusters called sori on the underside of the fronds. The indusia, which protect the sori, are often kidney-shaped or linear. The family is considered to be taxonomically complex, with ongoing research to clarify species relationships and delimitations. Many species are ecologically important in their respective ecosystems, contributing to ground cover and soil stability. Some species have been used in traditional medicine in various cultures. The family encompasses a significant number of genera and species, making it a diverse group within the fern kingdom.