Tetanusprofylax

Tetanus prophylaxis (tetanusprofylax) refers to the set of measures aimed at preventing tetanus, a potentially fatal disease caused by the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. The toxin disrupts nerve signaling, leading to muscle stiffness and spasms. Prophylaxis focuses on preventing exposure through vaccination and on reducing risk after wounds through timely immunoglobulin and proper wound care.

Active immunization is the cornerstone of long‑term protection. In most countries, routine vaccination uses combination vaccines such as DTaP for children and Td or Tdap for older individuals and pregnant women. A primary series is completed in infancy, followed by booster doses approximately every ten years. Vaccination during pregnancy (Tdap) is commonly recommended to provide protection to newborns during the first months of life.

Passive immunization with tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) provides immediate protection for those with high‑risk wounds or uncertain immunization history. TIG is administered according to local guidelines and is often given at a separate site from the vaccine, with vaccination started or updated as needed. TIG does not replace vaccination for longer‑term protection.

Wound management is an essential component of tetanus prophylaxis. Thorough wound cleaning and debridement are important, and decisions about TIG and boosters are based on the wound’s severity and the patient’s vaccination status. Antibiotics may be used for specific infection risks but are not substitutes for immunization.

Public health guidelines emphasize tetanus prophylaxis as part of routine care and emergency management. Neonates rely on maternal vaccination to prevent neonatal tetanus. High vaccination coverage among adults and timely boosters help reduce tetanus risk in the population.