Testreaktorer

Testreaktorer, or test reactors in English, are nuclear reactors dedicated to research and development rather than electricity production. They provide intense neutron fields and controlled irradiation environments to support scientific experiments, materials testing, and technology development. Their primary purpose is to enable experimentation with fuels, cladding, materials, and reactor components under irradiation, as well as to produce isotopes for medical and industrial use.

Designs of test reactors vary, but many are pool-type or tank reactors that operate at modest thermal power levels compared with power reactors. They are designed to deliver high neutron flux at specific locations, enabling flexible irradiation facilities, beam tubes, and hot cells for post-irradiation examination. Moderation can be achieved with light water, heavy water, or other materials, depending on the intended neutron spectrum and experiments.

Typical applications include studying radiation effects on fuels and materials, testing new fuel designs or cladding materials, evaluating corrosion and embrittlement, and validating reactor technologies or safety features. They also produce medical and industrial isotopes, support neutron activation analysis, and provide neutron beams for scientific experiments that would be impractical at larger power reactors.

Safety, licensing, and regulation are central to operating test reactors. They are governed by national nuclear regulators and aligned with international safety standards set by bodies such as the IAEA. Operation includes stringent health physics, containment, and emergency preparedness, along with decommissioning and long-term stewardship once life-cycle goals are completed.

Globally, many countries have operated or currently operate test reactors. Some have converted or decommissioned older facilities, while others maintain them to support research, training, and the development of next-generation reactor technologies.