Telofaasi

Telofaasi, also known as telophase, is the final stage of mitosis in eukaryotic cells, occurring after anaphase. During telofaasi, the chromosomes that have been pulled to opposite poles begin to de-condense, and the cell starts to re-establish its nuclear compartments.

In telofaasi, the chromosomes arrive at the poles and return to a less condensed, thread-like form. The nucleolus re-forms within each newly forming nucleus, and the nuclear envelope reassembles around the chromosome sets. The spindle apparatus largely disassembles as its job of segregating chromosomes is completed.

Cytokinesis typically overlaps with telofaasi and completes cell division by physically separating the cytoplasm into two daughter cells. In animal cells, a contractile actin ring forms a contractile cleavage furrow that pinches the cell membrane inward, splitting the cell. In plant cells, vesicles derived from the Golgi coalesce at the center to form a cell plate, which develops into separating cell walls.

Telofaasi concludes mitosis, and is followed by the completion of cytokinesis, resulting in two distinct daughter cells. In organisms that undergo meiosis, there are separate telophases (telophase I and telophase II) that accompany the division of homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids, respectively.

Significance and variations: Proper telofaasi ensures accurate chromosome segregation and prepares the cell for successful division. The timing and morphology of telofaasi can vary among species and cell types, and errors can contribute to abnormal chromosome numbers.