Telmatobius

Telmatobius is a genus of frogs in the family Telmatobiidae, commonly known as Andean water frogs. The genus is native to South America, with most species distributed along the Andes from Colombia to Chile and Argentina, frequently at high elevations. They are primarily associated with aquatic habitats and are adapted to cold, fast-flowing waters.

Ecology and biology

Telmatobius species are largely aquatic or semi-aquatic. Adults typically inhabit streams, rivers, and high-altitude lakes, and many species exhibit streamlined bodies and well-developed limbs suitable for life in clear, oxygen-poor water. Reproduction occurs in water, with eggs laid in streams or ponds and tadpoles developing in aquatic habitats. The life histories vary among species, but most rely on freshwater systems for breeding and development.

Taxonomy and diversity

The genus contains a substantial number of species, many described relatively recently as field surveys and molecular studies expand understanding of their diversity. Taxonomic work continues as researchers refine species limits and relationships within Telmatobius and related groups.

Conservation

Telmatobius faces significant conservation challenges. A number of species are threatened or have experienced dramatic declines due to chytridiomycosis caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, habitat loss and degradation, water extraction, pollution, and introduced predators. The marbled water frog (Telmatobius marmoratus) is one of the better-known members of the genus and is considered threatened in many parts of its range. Ongoing monitoring and habitat protection are essential for many Telmatobius species.

See also

Andean amphibians and chytrid-related declines.