Tekstuurikuva

Tekstuurikuva (Finnish for texture image) is a digital image that encodes the texture of a surface. It captures spatial patterns such as grain, roughness, directionality and scale, enabling analysis, synthesis and rendering of material appearance in digital media. In Finnish usage the term distinguishes the image itself from the material's geometry or color; in English contexts it is often described as a texture image or texture map.

Creation and sources: Tekstuurikuva can be obtained by photographing real materials under controlled illumination, by scanning sample surfaces, or by procedural generation in computer graphics. They may be grayscale or color, and may be single-scale or multi-scale to capture detail at different resolutions. Texture images can be generated from photographs via focus stacking or retouching, or synthesized using noise functions, fractals, or deep learning models.

Applications: In computer graphics, tekstuurikuvae are mapped onto 3D models to convey surface detail without increasing geometric complexity. In material science and quality control, texture images support classification of surface finish and defect detection. In digital art and game design, they contribute to realism and variety; textile, architecture, and product visualization also use them.

Techniques and analysis: Texture images are characterized by statistical descriptors, spatial frequency, and directional structure; methods include gray level co-occurrence matrices, Gabor filters, wavelets, and deep learning. Lighting, perspective, and imaging conditions influence texture appearance, requiring normalization or calibration.

Related topics include texture mapping, normal maps, bump maps, and texture synthesis.