Tekstuure

Tekstuure refers to the surface quality of a material as perceived by touch and sight. It arises from the surface’s microstructure, pattern, and material finish. Textures are commonly categorized as tactile, which can be felt by touch, and visual, which is perceived visually and may exist even without contact.

Visual textures describe how a surface looks, such as smooth, rough, grainy, striped, or mottled. Tactile textures describe how a surface feels, such as soft, gritty, slick, or fibrous. Some textures provide both sensations and can change under different lighting or angles.

Applications include art, design, architecture, and manufacturing. Texture influences aesthetics, perceived quality, and usability. In textiles, texture depends on fiber, weave, knit, and finishes; in wood, it derives from grain; in metals, from grain structure and surface treatment.

In digital media and computer graphics, texture refers to image data applied to 3D surfaces to simulate detail. Texture mapping uses diffuse, normal, bump, and specular maps, among others, to convey color, depth, and roughness without increasing geometry.

Texture can also be analyzed and measured. Qualitative descriptions complement quantitative measures such as surface roughness parameters (for example Ra) and imaging-based analyses. Textures exist in natural forms—stone, bark, skin—and in artificial materials such as plastics and fabrics.