Teksturointi

Teksturointi is the process of adding surface detail, color variation, and tactile characteristics to a material or digital model to simulate real-world appearance. In Finnish usage, the term covers both physical surface finishing and the creation of textures for digital rendering.

In digital teksturointi practice, artists and developers apply texture maps to 3D models. Common maps include albedo (base color), normal maps for simulated relief, roughness and metallic maps to control light interaction, and ambient occlusion for shading depth. Workflow typically involves UV unwrapping, painting or generating textures in software such as Blender, Substance Painter, or Photoshop, and testing results in a render engine.

Physical teksturointi describes methods of producing tangible surface detail. Techniques include painting with texture additives, stamping, embossing, etching, sanding, patination, or applying films and coatings that create pattern or grain. In manufacturing and 3D printing, texture can be achieved through layer height control, post-processing, or texturing tools to enhance grip or realism.

Applications span video games, film, architectural visualization, product design, and consumer goods. Texturing affects perceived material properties, light scattering, wear, and durability. It can impact performance in real-time rendering and production costs; tileable and consistent textures are important for efficiency, while copyright considerations may govern texture reuse.

Understanding teksturointi requires knowledge of materials, lighting, and rendering or finishing processes. The field combines artistic choices with technical constraints to produce believable, usable surfaces.