Technologijos

Technologijos (technologies) are the practical applications of knowledge to produce tools, systems, and processes that solve problems, enable services, or enhance human capabilities. They include both tangible devices such as machines and software-driven systems as well as methodologies and workflows. Technologies arise from scientific understanding, engineering expertise, and social needs, and they evolve through research, development, experimentation, and diffusion.

The field is broad and commonly subdivided into information technologies (computing, communications, data processing), life and health technologies (biomedical, pharmaceutical, diagnostic tools), energy and environmental technologies (generation, storage, efficiency), materials and manufacturing technologies (semiconductors, polymers, additive manufacturing), transportation and infrastructure technologies, and automation and robotics. Cross-cutting themes include interoperability, standards, and user experience.

Historically, technology has driven economic growth and social change, from agricultural and industrial revolutions to the digital and information age. Technologies affect employment, education, governance, and culture, while also creating new risks and disparities. Adoption is influenced by cost, regulation, infrastructure, and public perception.

Policy and ethics play important roles in technology development, with considerations including privacy and security, environmental impact, accessibility, intellectual property, and responsible innovation. Timely governance, risk assessment, and inclusive design are often emphasized to maximize benefits while mitigating harms.

See also: technology, information technology, innovation, technology assessment.