Teat

Teat is the projecting part of a mammary gland through which milk is discharged. The term is most commonly used in veterinary contexts to describe the nipple-like structures on the udders of female mammals. In humans, the equivalent structures are usually called nipples, and the term teat is less common except in veterinary or industrial contexts, or when referring to bottle nipples.

Anatomy and variation: Each teat connects to the mammary gland through a teat canal (streak canal) that opens to the outside. Inside is the teat cistern that stores milk between suckling or milking. Milk is produced by alveoli in the gland tissue and travels through ducts to the teat opening. The number of teats per animal varies by species; cows typically have four; goats and sheep usually two; sows have more. Humans do not have teats in the usual sense; rather, breasts contain nipples.

Health and management: Teat health affects lactation and welfare. Teat injuries, exposure, and infection such as mastitis can reduce milk yield and quality. Dairy management includes hygienic milking practices, teat dipping after milking, and routine monitoring of teat condition to prevent disease.

Other uses: Teat is also used to refer to baby bottle nipples made of silicone or rubber that mimic a natural teat for infant feeding.

Related topics include mammary gland, lactation, mastitis, udder, nipple, and bottle nipple.