Taurin

Taurine is an organic compound classified as an amino sulfonic acid. Its chemical name is 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, and its structure consists of an amino group attached to a two-carbon chain bearing a sulfonic acid group. Unlike standard amino acids used for protein synthesis, taurine is not incorporated into proteins.

Taurine occurs widely in animal tissues, with notably high concentrations in the heart, brain, retina, and skeletal muscle. In humans, it is synthesized endogenously from cysteine via the cysteine sulfinic acid pathway and decarboxylation; it is also obtained from the diet, especially meat, seafood, and dairy products, and is added to some infant formulas.

Biological roles attributed to taurine include its involvement in bile acid conjugation, forming bile salts such as taurocholate that aid fat digestion. It also participates in osmoregulation, acts as an antioxidant, and may influence calcium signaling and neurotransmission. Taurine is thought to support the development and function of the retina and brain in certain contexts.

Dietary use and regulation: Taurine is commonly used as a dietary supplement and is present in many energy drinks, though evidence for athletic performance benefits is mixed. It is not classified as an essential vitamin but can be important in specific populations, such as premature infants or people with certain metabolic disorders.

Safety and regulation: In typical amounts, taurine is regarded as safe. High doses can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, and regulatory status varies by country. Overall, taurine’s health effects depend on dose, context, and duration of intake.