Tarveperusteisuuden

Tarveperusteisuus, or need-basedness, is a principle in public policy by which access to services and benefits is determined by assessed need rather than by factors such as income, status, or entitlement alone. In Finland, tarveperusteisuus is a central element of welfare policy and social services, guiding how support is allocated to individuals and families.

The implementation of tarveperusteisuus relies on needs assessments, eligibility criteria, and administrative processes conducted by authorities such as municipalities and the Social Insurance Institution (Kela). Benefits are tailored to the individual’s circumstances, with higher support directed to greater need. At the same time, some benefits remain universal, not tied to assessed need, creating a mix of targeted and universal provision within the system.

In practice, tarveperusteisuus shapes programs such as toimeentulotuki (social assistance) and asumistuki (housing allowance), which are designed to cover basic living costs and housing expenses according to income and other factors. Other benefits, such as basic universal pensions or certain child-related payments, operate independently of assessed need. The approach aims to promote equity and efficiency by directing resources where they are most required.

Critics point to potential drawbacks of tarveperusteisuus, including administrative complexity, stigma associated with means testing, and gaps in coverage for individuals who fall between targeted and universal provisions. Debates often focus on balancing universality and targeting, and on ensuring accurate needs assessments without disincentivizing work or independence.