Tariefquota

Tariefquota, also known as a tariff-rate quota (TRQ), is a trade policy instrument that combines a lower tariff rate with a higher rate on imports beyond a specified quota. Within the quota, imports are taxed at a preferential, often low, rate, designed to encourage access to goods deemed essential or politically sensitive. Once the quota is filled, increments of imports are subject to a higher tariff, deterring additional inflows.

Quota size is set by the government and can reflect domestic demand, production capacity, and negotiation outcomes. The quota may apply to a specific good measured in units such as tonnes, litres, or pieces, and is typically administered through import licenses or a customs-controlled allocation.

Allocation mechanisms vary: historical usage, auctions, or license-based allocations to importers. Some TRQs are bound under WTO schedules; others are policy instruments in bilateral or regional agreements. TRQs may be administered to protect domestic industries while ensuring a predictable supply of important goods such as agricultural products, textiles, or processed foods.

Critics note that TRQs can create rent-seeking or price distortions and complexity, while supporters argue they reconcile market access with domestic protection. In practice, TRQs exist in many countries' policies and in multilateral trade agreements.

Examples include the European Union's agricultural TRQs and Canada's dairy TRQs; the United States' Agricultural TRQs under various trade agreements.