Targetmolekues

Targetmolekues is a nonstandard spelling of target molecules, a concept commonly used in pharmacology and molecular biology. In this context, a target molecule is a biomolecule identified as the intended site of action for a therapeutic intervention. Most often, targets are proteins such as enzymes, receptors, transporters, or signaling molecules, but they can also be nucleic acids or other macromolecules that influence disease mechanisms.

Target molecules are selected through a process called target discovery and validation. This involves understanding the biology of a disease, assessing the relevance of the biomolecule to the condition, and evaluating its "druggability"—the likelihood that a small molecule or biological agent can modulate its activity safely and effectively. Validation uses genetic approaches (for example, knockdown or knockout experiments) and pharmacological tools to demonstrate that altering the target produces a meaningful therapeutic effect.

In drug development, the interaction between a drug and its target is central. Researchers develop assays to measure binding and activity, study the structural basis of the interaction, and optimize compounds to improve potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties. Target engagement, the confirmation that a drug binds to its intended molecule in a living system, is a key milestone.

Examples of common targets include kinases and G protein–coupled receptors in cancer and cardiovascular disease, enzymes such as HMG-CoA reductase in cholesterol management, and cytokines like IL-6 or TNF-α in inflammatory disorders. The concept underpins precision medicine, where therapies aim to modulate specific targets relevant to an individual’s disease.