Tapausperusteisissa

Tapausperusteisissa is a Finnish term that translates roughly to "case-based" or "instance-based" in English. It refers to a methodology or approach where decisions, classifications, or actions are determined by examining specific, individual instances or cases rather than by applying general rules or pre-defined categories in isolation. This concept is prevalent in various fields, including law, medicine, and artificial intelligence.

In legal contexts, a case-based approach means that judicial decisions are heavily influenced by precedents set by previous similar cases. Lawyers and judges analyze the facts of a current situation and compare them to rulings made in past cases to guide their reasoning and determine the outcome. This principle of *stare decisis* is fundamental to common law systems.

In medicine, a case-based approach is essential for diagnosis and treatment. Doctors evaluate a patient's unique symptoms, medical history, and test results to arrive at a diagnosis and formulate a treatment plan. While medical knowledge provides general guidelines, the specific presentation of a disease in an individual patient dictates the course of action.

Within artificial intelligence, case-based reasoning (CBR) is a problem-solving paradigm where new problems are solved by retrieving and adapting solutions from similar past problems. A CBR system stores a collection of past cases, each consisting of a problem description and its solution. When faced with a new problem, the system searches its case base for the most relevant past case and then attempts to adapt its solution to fit the new situation. This approach is particularly useful in domains where experience and prior solutions are readily available. The core idea behind tapausperusteisissa is that understanding and acting upon specific examples is crucial for effective problem-solving and decision-making.