Tanystropheidae

Tanystropheidae is an extinct family of terrestrial and aquatic reptiles belonging to the order Eosuchia. These reptiles are characterized by their extraordinarily long necks, a feature that gives them their name, derived from the Greek words "tanys" (long) and "stropheus" (vertebra). The most famous member of this family is Tanystropheus, which lived during the Triassic period.

The neck of tanystropheids was composed of a highly elongated series of cervical vertebrae, often exceeding the length of the rest of their body. This unique anatomy suggests specialized feeding strategies, though the exact function of the long neck is still debated. Some paleontologists propose it was used to reach vegetation from a distance or to hunt aquatic prey from the shore, while others suggest it aided in thermoregulation or display.

Fossils of tanystropheids have been found in various parts of the world, including Europe, Asia, and North America, indicating a widespread distribution during the Triassic. Their diet likely varied depending on the species and habitat, with evidence pointing towards herbivory, piscivory (fish-eating), and insectivory. Despite their unusual appearance, tanystropheids represent a fascinating evolutionary adaptation to diverse ecological niches during a pivotal period in reptile history. The family ultimately went extinct by the end of the Triassic, making way for the diversification of other reptile groups in the Jurassic.