Tannholdssjúkdóma

Tannholdssjúkdóma, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection that affects the tissues supporting the teeth. It is a common condition that can range in severity from mild gum inflammation, known as gingivitis, to more severe forms that can lead to significant damage to the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place.

The primary cause of tannholdssjúkdóma is a buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on teeth. If plaque is not removed regularly through brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar, which is more difficult to remove and irritates the gums. This irritation can lead to gingivitis, characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums.

If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. In this more advanced stage, the gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected. Toxins produced by the bacteria in plaque and the body's own immune response can break down the bone and connective tissue that anchor the teeth. This can eventually cause teeth to loosen and even fall out.

Risk factors for developing tannholdssjúkdóma include poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, certain medications, and genetic predisposition. Maintaining good oral hygiene practices, regular dental check-ups, and avoiding smoking are crucial for preventing and managing this condition. Treatment typically involves professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar, and in more severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary.