Taipans

Taipans are highly venomous snakes in the genus Oxyuranus, native to Australia and New Guinea. Two species are widely recognized: the inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) and the coastal taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus). Some classifications also recognize a Papuan taipan, often treated as a subspecies of the coastal taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni).

Inland taipans are among the most venomous snakes in the world in terms of venom potency per bite. They typically inhabit arid and semi-arid regions of inland Australia, where they prey mainly on small mammals. Coastal taipans are large, agile snakes found along northern and eastern Australia and in parts of southern New Guinea, where they occupy coastal and near-coastal habitats and feed on small mammals, birds, and other prey. Body coloration varies with age and region, ranging from pale brown to olive or yellow-brown, with distinct markings on the head and body.

Taipans are generally shy and will retreat when given the chance; bites occur primarily when they are disturbed or accidentally stepped on. They are fast and capable predators, relying on their potent venom to immobilize prey quickly. The venom is predominantly neurotoxic with procoagulant properties, and bites can be rapidly life-threatening without prompt treatment. Antivenom is available and effective when administered early. First aid emphasizes staying calm, immobilizing the affected limb, avoiding cutting or suction, and seeking urgent medical attention.

Both species are oviparous, with females laying eggs after mating. Clutch sizes and incubation periods vary, and hatchlings emerge with the ability to bite.