TVET

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) encompasses education and training programs that prepare individuals for skilled work in various sectors. TVET includes formal schooling, apprenticeships, on-the-job training, and continuing education across industries such as manufacturing, construction, information and communications technology, services, agriculture, and health care. It emphasizes practical competencies, occupational standards, and the ability to apply knowledge in real work environments. TVET systems typically integrate classroom learning with workplace training and may use dual or hybrid models that involve cooperation between schools, employers, and training providers.

Delivery and pathways: TVET is offered at secondary and post-secondary levels and can lead to certificates, diplomas, or technically oriented degrees. Qualifications are often aligned with national or sector-specific frameworks, enabling recognition, portability, and progression within the labor market and, in some cases, further study.

Policy and quality: Governments and international organizations promote TVET through policy development, funding, and quality assurance mechanisms such as standardized curricula, teacher training, and certification of competencies. Partnerships with industry help ensure relevance and up-to-date skills.

Global context: TVET is a central component of workforce development in many countries. UNESCO-UNEVOC provides support for policy reform, institutional capacity building, and the sharing of good practices. TVET aims to improve employability, support economic diversification, and provide pathways to lifelong learning. Challenges include funding gaps, stigma, and the need to adapt curricula to rapid technological change.