TNFHemmer

TNF inhibitors, commonly referred to as TNF-α inhibitors or TNF blockers, are a class of biologic drugs used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In some German-speaking sources the term TNF-Hemmer is used to describe this class. They work by neutralizing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or by preventing TNF-α from binding to its receptors, thereby reducing inflammatory signaling and leukocyte activation.

There are two main types of TNF-Hemmer. Monoclonal antibodies (such as infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and certolizumab pegol) target TNF-α directly. Receptor fusion proteins (such as etanercept) combine a TNF receptor with an immunoglobulin fragment to trap TNF-α in circulation. These agents differ in their binding properties, pharmacokinetics, and clinical use, and several have biosimilars available.

Approved indications include rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis and other axial spondyloarthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. They are also used for other inflammatory conditions such as hidradenitis suppurativa and certain uveitides, depending on regional approvals and guidelines.

Administration varies by product. Infliximab and golimumab are given by intravenous infusion, while adalimumab, etanercept, and certolizumab pegol are typically administered by subcutaneous injection. Dosing and monitoring depend on the specific agent and condition, and biosimilars have increased access in many regions.

Safety considerations include screening for latent tuberculosis and hepatitis B before starting therapy, as TNF-Hemmer increase the risk of serious infections and may be associated with other adverse events such as demyelinating disease or heart failure in susceptible individuals. They may also influence vaccine responses and carry cost considerations. Ongoing monitoring and individual risk assessment are standard parts of care.