TCPIPStacks
TCPIPStacks are software components that implement the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite to enable network communication in computing devices. They follow the four-layer model consisting of the link, internet, transport, and application layers. The stacks handle encapsulation and decapsulation of data into packets, addressing and routing decisions, and the delivery of data to applications. They also provide socket interfaces for programmatic access.
Most operating systems ship a built-in TCPIPStack implemented in the kernel, enabling broad interoperability. Common examples
Core protocols supported include IPv4 and IPv6, TCP and UDP, ICMP, ARP, DHCP, and DNS. The stack
Standards for TCPIPStacks are defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) through RFCs and related