Tüketerek

Tüketerek is a Turkish adverbial participle form of the verb tüketmek, meaning to consume or to use up. It expresses the means or manner by which an action is performed and can be translated roughly as "by consuming" or "through consumption" in English. It is commonly used to connect clauses and describe how something is done.

Formation and usage rule: adverbial participles in Turkish are created by removing the infinitive ending -mek and adding -erek or -arak, depending on vowel harmony. For a stem with a front vowel, the form -erek is used. Since tüketmek has the stem ending with the front vowel e, the correct form is tüketerek. Functionally, tüketerek introduces a subordinate clause that explains the method of the main action, similar to how English uses "by doing X."

Examples:

- Enerjiyi tüketerek çalışan bir fabrika kısa vadede maliyet düşüşü sağlamayabilir.

- Doğal kaynakları tüketerek yaşam sürdürmek uzun vadede sürdürülebilir değildir.

Notes: tüketerek is distinct from the noun tüketim (consumption) and from other participial forms such as tükenen (depleted) or tükenmek (to be depleted). It is primarily used to indicate means or method, often in causal or comparative contexts, and can anchor clauses that describe how an action is carried out.